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Applicative programming language
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In the classification of programming languages, an applicative programming language is built out of functions applied to arguments. Applicative languages are functional, and applicative is often used as a synonym for functional.cite-ref-2[2] However, concatenative languages can be functional, while not being applicative.cite-ref-3[3]

The semantics of applicative languages are based on beta reduction of terms, and Side effect such as mutation of state are not permitted.cite-ref-backus-1977-4-0[4]

Lisp and ML are applicative programming languages.

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References

cite-note-11. citerefmcbridepaterson2008McBride, Conor; Paterson, Ross (2008-01-01). "Applicative programming with effects". Journal of Functional Programming. 18 (1): 1–13. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.114.1555. doi:10.1017/S0956796807006326. ISSN 1469-7653.
cite-note-22. citerefdershowitzplaisted1985Dershowitz, Nachum; Plaisted, David A. (1985). "Logic Programming cum Applicative Programming". Symposium on Logic Programming. Boston, MA. pp. 54–66. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.404.3826.
cite-note-33. citerefjon-purdy2012Jon Purdy (12 February 2012). "Why Concatenative Programming Matters". Retrieved 28 April 2020.
cite-note-backus-1977-44. citerefbackus1978Backus, J. (1978). "Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style?: A functional style and its algebra of programs". Communications of the ACM. 21 (8): 613–641. doi:10.1145/359576.359579.